Moskvich-412 is a Soviet and Russian rear-wheel drive car produced from October 1967 to 1976 at the MZMA (AZLK) plant in Moscow, and from 1967 to 1997 at the Izhevsk Automobile Plant in Izhevsk. Initially, it was a version of the Moskvich-408 car with a more powerful engine. At AZLK, both models were produced in parallel until 1976, and then, after another restyling and modernization, production continued under the index 2140 (2138 – for the M-408). The Moskvich-412 machines of the Izhevsk plant were modernized according to their own program.
Thanks to a reliable, tenacious design, a relatively powerful engine and the talent of the racers, Moskvich-412 performed well in the London—Sydney transcontinental marathon run, the London —Mexico Rally, the Tour of Europe, Golden Sands, Western Safari — Argungu, the Polish Raid and many others. In 1972-1974, several British pilots participated in the Moskvich-412 in the British Production Saloon Car Championship touring class tournament and won several victories.